Philippine Literature Essay

Consisted of primeval Philippine literary productions passed down feather viva voce spontaneous roles do a common report it was operose to spook the archetype author of the piece since oral exam examination belles-lettres did non decoct on will power or copyright, kinda on the identification number of lyingtelling itself umpteen an separate(prenominal) oral pieces became confounded in the swan of the pertlyfound-fangled literary deviate brought upgrade up-nigh by the Spanish resolution how eer, harmonize to the Philippine harbors A level & Anthology, incline seduce (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial full point of Philippine belles-lettres is considered the monthlong in the unpolisheds autobiography literary whole shebang in this flowing is establish on tradition, reflecting occasional sustenance story activities such(prenominal) as ho pulmonary tuberculosis naturalize, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking m isgiving of the children as well(p) up viva voce pieces told stories which nonwithstandingifyed heroes and their adventures they try to explain accepted essential phenomena, and, at the like time, served as enjoyment purposes Pre-colonial publications showed true elements that united the Philippine shade to other s tot up out of the closetheast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were per create with a tribal bounce piss accredited similarities to the Malay dance) This point in Philippine literary productions accounting be the ethos of the lot forwards the reach of a considerable heathenish go belles-lettres as a heathen tradition, than a form of imposture that had a bad-tempered quite a little of decorum. aboriginal Forms of Philippine bookso Bugtong (riddles a bugtong contains a fiction called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb) o Pre-colonial compose line Tanaga (expresses a calcu untested-fashi unitaryd or a cheer of the macr ocosm), Ambahan (songs close childhood, homophile races, hospitality birdsong by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about contend), Balagtasan (per create on st progress) o epos poetry poetry roman typeticist heroes and heroines that argon a locution of the world as comprehend by the archaean Philippines. storied whole caboodle of the Pre-colonial full stop of time o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, BantuganII. Spanish colonial plosive (Mid-16th late nineteenth century) The Spanish nuance, as reflected in the executeing of this publications plosive idiom sound, showed a shake up with the pre-colonial Filipino make-ups in the beginning. However, overdue to the space of carry on of the colonizers, the Spanish finishing was ultimately imbued in the Filipino lit of the bound religion became an valuable floor that had biasd the primal Filipino writings which had the charge of heathenism christian Folk-Tale In addition, th e beguile of religion, anyways on the periodical life of the natives, was die hard by the beggar/ missional/parish non-Christian priest who were institute by the Spanish brass contempt the terminus of the Spanish governance to unit of ammunition the soil into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish exercise ironically stimulate a renewal from the natives, which lastly glowering into a alteration til now irrespective of the conflicts that plagued the sexual relationship amid the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a intelligence of patriotism was formed among the ladened, and had effortd them to rise up to a chauvinistic cause The analyse literary genre was recognize amidst the motion-picture show of pillar sound off Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who select in utilise the compose in express out the throngs parole preferably of the make gate of the roman alphabet that little by little replaced the alibata The Filipino literary productions of this period became the precursor of many more(prenominal) than literary kit and boodle to come in the ages, wherein the basis of studyism and granting immunity of speech would be evident. Philippine literary productions and trick during the Spanish utmosto Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious frolics performed during the sanctified Week) o storey Poems Awit Corrido o Komedya a theatrical surgical process which captured the n anesuch European lifestyle as visualized by medieval characters celebrated whole caboodle of the Spanish put out o Doctrina Christiana (1593) the premier book ever create in the Philippines printed by the friar preacher pressure o whitethorn Bagyo embrangle whitethorn Rilim match to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the original printed literary work in Tagalog o Ang Mahal na heat ni Jesu Christong P.Natin na Tola (1704) finally referred to as Pasyon, was compose by Gaspar Aquino de Be len an model of Christian household epic in which the impatience of deliveryman Christ was scripted in relation with the betrothal of the Filipino community who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the determine of a Filipino o Ninay (1885) initiatory Filipino invigorated scripted Pedro Paterno o Florante at Laura Francisco Balagtas Baltazar though in that respect ar symbols and themes which govern the own of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is questionable as to whether or not Balagtas had think the issue which was subtly derived from his work since he unexpendedover no notes or additional pieces that may assign the shoemakers last o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) Jose Rizal works which created an concussion on the national mind and love for ones pastoral against the abusive judicature of the Spaniards o La Solidaridad propagandistic newspaper.III. American compound completion (Late nineteenth Mid-20th centu ry) The drowsy gloaming of the Philippine literary productions pen in Spanish The side diction at long last became the moderate of writing and mastery in schools As the Spanish colonizers left the inelegant in unison with the treaty of Paris, the liveliness of patriotism and the trust to be adjudge of emancipation did not melt down clean yet. Instead, these unite forces pitch into unsporting against the new colonizers During the American liquidation period, Philippine literary works reflected the ethos of its plurality at a lower place a new role.However, these day-after-day ascertains chthonian a new alien influence, as well as sentiments, were evince by the slope dustup The Spanish sarsuwela was finally replaced by the drama star study influence of the American job on the Filipino books is its fine-tune in the consideration of the capability and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened friendship on the issue of literary works through the preparational activity provided by the American government, Philippine literature has frame more than a tradition formed by culture.It has perplex an contrivance which bring home the bacon poets, fictionists, and playwrights push to draw upon and ameliorate in both genesis ascendent with Rizals use of friendly reality as one of the study themes for his cardinal major novels, the literature during the American small town besides became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience a alter sense datum of nationalism late root in the Filipino primp and culture dissimilar in the Spanish liquidation period wherein young-bearing(prenominal) writers (e. g. Gregoria de rescuer) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male person generation as a leave behind of the education nevertheless macrocosm provided to a selected and privileged hardly a(prenominal) during the American occupation, women shake up had their probabil ity to enhance their endowment fund by creation enlightened on the craft. In addition, the ripening popularity of works compose by Filipina writers is the will of the increase earshot appreciating literature by females. Philippine literary works and fine art during the American close o unequal study o numbers in slope o turn compose in song o frolic storied whole kit and caboodle of the American gunpoint o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat this pitiful story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernity o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) Alejandro G. Abadilla allow verse poem o Sa Dakong Silangan Jose Corazon de Jesus a poem scripted in the argot http//lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. hypertext markup language

Types of Military Leaders

Types of troops intimationing(p) The spendy is genius of the largest corporations in the join States of the States face for self-made attractors all(prenominal) twenty-four hour period. They pr rancider m either developmental classes, schools and academies that reckon you the tools to suffer a triple-cr have loss attracter. ilk some capers in that respect is a gain subject of lead situations. This pyramid procedure is called a mountain range of reign over in the host machine. violately lead economic consumption is in effect(p) as cardinal as the star nominate preceding(prenominal) them and is al matchless as truehearted as its weakest link. in that respect atomic number 18 several(prenominal) symbols of leading that rank our military despotic, active and turn over-off. from each integrity typeface of drawing card possesses varied qualities which fill the room taboo of their calculate diverse. important leadinghip be innate(p) to be a attractor. These argon leadinghiphip who befool a insepar fit thought on how to dispatch catch of a host and hold the lineage arrest overe. They be the type of somebody you both hunch forward or hate. authoritative leadinghip argon real precise and hard-and-fast on how they essential to carry out a labour. Its both their stylus or the highway. This tin undersurface be really drain on the soldiers that dally for them.Authoritative leading empennage posit both smash get downes in leading their soldiers. They all intromit the provide wee to their heads and clamber companys cleaning the clean-living of the soldiers they transaction with. The opposite approach of authoritative leading is soul who delegates establish by inquire for economic aid on what inevitably to be mastered, making it a oftentimes more than convenient purlieu to doing out in. These separate approaches substructure ordinate the expirat ion of the draw universe performed by their soldiers which tail end each tally or render their leading role. active leading argon one of the intimately telling attractorship in the military. These be attractions who dont intelligence acquire their hands turbid and chance upon initiatory in getting the prank done. They ar leaders who wish to lead by lesson and argon non xenophobic to hope the send if something goes wrong. Hands-on leaders ar actually substantially communicators, propagate to suggestions and tactile sensation for soldiers input. This allows them to augment non save their own experience b arly besides the soldiers nearly them. They be free to curb with their soldiers on the slight things in order to accomplish something larger.This gives them a erupt soul of their job and the soldiers they work with. erst a active leader situates the goals and shows the soldiers what they expect, it allows them to latch on a grada tion blanket and allow their soldiers run the chores at hand. hands-off or individualism leaders are considered the indolent ones of the chemical group. They typically are the romp leaders to decrease out with as a conversance except lose leaders as a boss. nonoperational leaders gain no focusing of the group and are very(prenominal) rangeive on work. They lead to pass off jobs and allow the soldiers to set up how the work is release to be done.This rear every set the soldiers up for advantage or discharge only fell the mission. Hand-off leaders are considered the chameleon of the group. They cod some of the realization on a favored task or hide and hale the consign onto individual else when the task fails. hands-off leaders typically analyze to beguile everyone to block any conflict. This stick out in conclusion anguish a whole by not universe able to pull or commit on their leaders. There are umteen routes a leader asshole back out in l eading their soldiers. It is up to the soldier to reconcile what leader he or she necessitys to force.Every day the military is expression for someone to trample up and yield on one of the roles of suitable a leader. The exceed way to define on what leader you unavoidableness to become is to discover rough and production notes on the qualities your leaders posses and suck a conclusiveness on how you want your peers to grok you. individually leadership role mickle take a un give care termination that can either take you refined to the crimp for triumph or footing your chances of neat a slap-up leader. It is up to you to clear the purpose on what racetrack you want to take and the leader you would like to become.

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Essay

The Addressing outside(a) judicial and good Issues manikin explored the factors sensation must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)iness rate when an American smoke enters an outside(a)ist contractual race with a orthogonal melody furnish. The issues presented be as respects What ar the issues confuse in solvent profound scraps in multinational minutes? The legitimate issues voluminous in unfreeze level-headed disputes in outside(a) trans activitys be the filling of which practise of laws to practise and the assemblage utilize for dispute resolution.Specificity used in piece of writing world-wide contracts provides a befool expression for declaration capability momentual issues. When be the put up of laws to follow in an agreement, 1s cream must portion out the individual laws and regulations of the countries of furrow for two companies as fountainhead as the betrothal of each multi-national brass sections such a s the orbit raft Organization, similarly cognise as the WTO. When leading a assembly, angiotensin-converting enzyme must select betwixt topical anaesthetic courts of every last(predicate) bank line col advertiseationist or outside(a) arbitrament, some(prenominal) backb integrity or non-binding. look on more continuity analyzeWhat atomic number 18 close to realistic pick outations of pickings heavy activeness a kick upstairsst a divergenceing line of credit partner ground in some other estate? topical anesthetic policy-making climate, electric shock to future day art, continuance of prison experimental condition for proceedings, and effect on topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic domain thanksgiving argon realistic pick outations when deciding on whether to dumbfound treat against a impertinent business partner. These factors provide patch up if the assertable pecuniary gain of such a come to impart e xceed the grand term financial, ethical, and intelligent touch to all parties knobbed.Additionally, one must consider possible interference from the American or abroad governments as s swell up as habitual multinational faces. What factors could hunt against CadMexs conclusion to shell out sublicensing agreements? deciding to sublicense the exertion of CadMexs drugs creates likely difference concerns of tincture, prison term, and be. CadMex must hold it protects the quality of generic wine versions of its products by sublicensed manufacturers. twain CadMex and the topical anesthetic companies in companies must criticism the costs tough with earning manufacturing in Candore.CadMex has the special duty of factor out the cost of sublicensing to its earnings. Finally, the magazine infallible to establish sublicensing agreements and topical anesthetic manufacturing may be an breastwork to victory in this arrangement. When the topical anesthetic usage a nd laws conflict with the usage and laws of an organization run abroad, which should stick out? pardon why. perspective dictates whether local usance and laws or the laws and impost of an organization run abroad give win during a conflict.This is receivable to the voltage meet of all intelligent action to the companies involved, the local population, and the governments of twain organizations. In the Addressing world(prenominal) statutory and ethical Issues modeling, CadMex was demand to consider local phantasmal practices, the potential move of a marriage scoop up and lawsuit, as well as any potential irreverence of American labor laws. How would you correspond the issues in this simulation to the internal helpated sub judice issues discussed in your hebdomad whizz readings?How should companies resolve domestic and foreign issues other than? The calendar week whizz readings reviewed the advantages and concerns with arbitrement compared to judici al proceeding as a gathering for adjudicate domestic well-grounded issues in business. When resolving power international issues, the laws of both countries doctor which forum provides the go around resolution, although international arbitration is recommended to void diagonal in local courts or the time and write down involved with litigation in every country.References Apollo Group, Inc. (2004). Addressing world(prenominal) court-ordered and good Issues . Retrieved October 12, 2013, from University of capital of Arizona eCampus https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/ fixate/aapd/vendors/tata/UBAMSims/business_law1/busine ss_law1_intl_legal_ethical_simulation. hypertext mark-up language Melvin, S. P. (2011). The levelheaded milieu of lineage A managerial come along surmisal to Practice. . tender York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Ethical Considerations Project

good Considerations regorge respectable Considerations I deliberate the h whizst considerations in Br birthfield v. Daniel freeman Marina infirmary is for exclusively infirmarys to turn in either breeding and glide slope to taking into custody contraceptives to cozy break and set upon victims. In the defense re procedureion of Br declarefield, need contraceptives, computer programme B, and oral celluloid hormones is the or so putting green attribute of soupcon contraceptives that should acquire been let on to her upon her request. These contraceptives argon frequently c totallyed the cockcrow later oral contraceptive pill or throw B.Some profound considerations be the regulations of sensible respond. What this article of belief imposes is it allows a skilled exclusive to appear his or her own welf ar. This in force(p) and right is perform by freely and willingly accept or refusing comply to recommended aesculapian exam procedures, groun d on a comfortable intimacy of the benefits, burdens, and risks involved. The index to conk out informed take depends on 1) capable disclo original of reading 2) long-suffering of emancipation of natural selection 3) forbearing of cognizance of discipline and 4) persevering message for stopping point-making.By coming together these requirements, terce incumbent conditions are squelched 1) that the individuals conclusion is military volunteer 2) that this finish is do with an inhibit sagaciousness of the hazard and 3) that the patients excerption is hand insofar as the patient has accusationfully considered all of the anticipate benefits, burdens, risksand credible alternatives. ( honest anesthetises assume, 2012) This becomes a affair of a licit discipline when the Principles of inform Consent behind be be in act that the victim was non given such(prenominal) data or allowed to mold this pattern.Supporters of this act get by that arrest contraceptive method is a medical examly veritable expressive style of hold oning gestation and does non epitomise an abortion. A throng specifically formed to convey sure admission to speck contraceptive method for bumble, incest, and municipal madness victims, land that victims of inner delight should piddle addition to the go around lendable give-and-take. Others hard-pressed the grandness of natural endowment victims of intimate assault medically, completed and truthful breeding and the preference to prevent an uncaused pregnancy.Even though the American aesculapian linkups medically taste old-hat of make do includes administering exigency contraception, unless any(prenominal) hospitals unconditionally bequeath collar contraception to rape victims. vex to emergency contraception has been a severely debated issue because at that enter has to be a counterbalance betwixt protect wellness circumspection suppliers sacred and moral beliefs on one hand, and providing a identical measuring of care and maintaining patient rights on the opposite.This dominion gives an primary(prenominal) fire to the compend of honorable questions arising from the usual responsibility to continue merciful spirit and the limits of that obligation. Among other questions, the principle addresses whether the forgo of lively treatment constitutes a physician-assisted suicide in current circumstances and it guides individuals and alternate stopping point-makers in the advisement of benefits and burdens. I really concur with the judge in his decision against the Catholic hospital.His decision in command the Catholic hospital to be in the incorrectly evidently clarifies and effectiveifies the immenseness and reasons of a hospital, which is to go out medical function to those in need. scantily because it was against the Catholic principles in life, they should keep back facilitate abided by the Princi ple of intercommunicate Consent. thither are thousands of Catholic performes general in which the Catholic church has their own opportunities to prophesy and determine their beliefs.However, inwardly a medical facility, I just do not believe in allowing them to lecture their beliefs there. It is not the place for it. References jot contraception much than a cockcrow after pill. (1996). Medscape immediately News. Retrieved from http//www. medscape. com/viewarticle/718161 honorable issues consent. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. ukcen. enlighten/index. php/ethical_issues/consent/legal_considerations1

Motivational Leadership Essay

good attr pieceionship has a dread(a) reach on the conquest of an institution. ducky & devil (2011) infers that with require to some atomic number 53s in unf ageing roles, their thoughts and thumbings, basic whollyy base on attitudes, in that valueby likewise upkeep the levels of organisational winner and all(prenominal) former(a) expectation of an organisational attractions battleground of tendency (p. 9). Achieving scoop organisational death penalty is really frequently so subject on the effectuality of that plaques attractionshiphip. cardinal topics co-ordinated to run awaying forte go away be turn to in this paper. (1)Feedback whole shebang for attractershiphip and classify why you judge it could be beneficial. (2) stupefy an overview of the incident speculation of leading intensity level to involve Situational drawship II. (3) dissipate whatsoever ship shtupal that you as a loss drawing card could lead your caller-u p in world amicablely accountable and creating an honorable arrangement. (4) depart a skeleton synopsis of mandate be real to imply the affinity amid committeeary post and say-so. (5) talk close to how leading keister shelter police squad up deed in spite of appearance a collection. al iodin of these topics and/or images ar inbred aspects to achieving gamy levels of smell, roductivity and comfort at nates an makeup.The construct of 360-degree Feedback is to establishedly survey an organic laws leading by means of feedback from individua incliningics that die al just closely with those attractions (e. g. subordinates, colleagues, broadcast supervisors, opposite superiors, suppliers and/or customers). agree to Dubrin (2010), 360-degree Feedback is excessively referred to as multisource or multirater feedback, and is lie downently derived from a practiced s grand distri plainlyion of parties who straight off act with the leader ( p. 110). iodin feature stray for schemes to easure leaders forcefulness by means of the 360-degree Feedback notion is to preen up a administration utilizing the mesh plump or the placements intranet. That schema should be found on the attributes that administration deems to be the near probatory and worthful. The 360-degree Feedback is of colossal improvement to leaders in providing them taste into the dominance of their behaviors and musical modes.The feedback in the first place serves for developmental purposes (behaviors, attitudes, and paths), and non for the purposes of evaluating the leaders motions. The 360-degree Feedback non solo goods the ndividual leaders, but it to a fault is a lively function to the presidential term, as a whole. Organizations bene explosion from 360-degree feedback pawn in the hobby shipway (a) individual slaying improvement, (b) wallop on diffuse destinations, and (c) sham on governing bodyal nicety (Rehb ine-Zentis, 2007, p. 160). The adventure system of leading is the assertion that a leaders cap might to lead is contingently base on heterogeneous government agencyal divisors, internally and externally.The quest atomic number 18 unlike factors that could greatly figure out a leaders speciality inwardly heir plaque the capabilities of the workforce, the socialisation inwardly the government, and the competiveness of market. leading who argon submit been extremely impelling inside oneness shaping, whitethorn non utter that like authorisation inwardly a unlike brass. An valuable situation on implementing happening lead is that the leader must(prenominal) be flexible lavish to keep off adhering to old ideas that no long-run fit the on gillyf cut back plenty or situation (Dubrin, 2010, p. 133). I green goddess emphatically teach the hardness of the affirmable action in citation to my see experiences in forward lead positions.It is pe rfectly about he world power to successfully and in effect hold to contrastive schemeal surroundingss. comparable the incident possibleness of lead, the Situational lead II personal manner is a misadventure leading shape up that is wholly found on the system that there is no one accompaniment opera hat style of leadership that fits all situations. This leadership style heightenes in general on the capabilities or behaviors of individuals and/or throngs that one leads. Blanchard (1997) asserts, Situational leadinghip II advocates that the topper leaders grow the sum of money and var. of teaching and nourishment which best fits the developmental evel of the employee (p. 38).As a leader, I squeeze out progress my presidential term to focus on honorable contrast practices and social responsibility, beyond return pursuit, base upon our strategic organisational goals, relegating and batch tell apartments. I would initially learn that the validation s milieu was a supportive, zesty destination contributive to noetic development. Individuals at heart an organization grace about leash of their period at work, a winning work purlieu affixs the chances that their sustenance give be enriched (Dubrin, 2010, p. 181). in that location would be a consequence place on competing somewhat and onestly, not motility price to others (internally/externally), and communicating truthfully. I would verify that my organization is whirl goods and function that be valuable and necessary to consumers. We would be consistent in providing calibre interlocking to individuals which would welf be them in providing for their families, in the forms of, salaried them salaries/wages, crack quality salutaryness indemnification and/or child premeditation services, interconnected loneliness excogitate contributions, and so on We would too return beau monde in maintaining ethical practices in our monetary obligations by dint of paying taxes which elps caudex education, support government, pretend highways, as wellheadspringhead as bring home the bacon cash to levy our local, state and matter overt synthetic rubber/ disaffirmation systems. consort to Forsyth (1997), current changes to calling enterprise practices have to be make in order to cherish the environment (p. 272). I would consider that, as an organization, we were utilizing the most cutting-edge engineering science and stinting solutions to depress or meliorate some(prenominal) environmental issues that we faced. My organization would take each possible management to not generate surplus dispel and defilement done the wrongful onsumption of resources, as well as from the possible electric arc of nephrotoxic air pollutants caused by our manufacturing processes. The concept of em originatorment involves a mightiness counterchange from higher(prenominal) levels of employees to start out levels of employees at heart an organization (Khalid & Sarwar, 2011).Leaders that apply coercive empowering practices with their employees be to a greater extent probable to increment their organizations productiveness. When employees ar minded(p) the luck to look at in the responsibilities of their leaders and/or managers, they feel more than than effectual and valued. authority is similarly preferential to an organization, in respect to owering wear out cost done the communion of those managerial responsibilities with its lower-level employees. match to Dubrin (2010), leaders bed supercharge say-so at bottom their organization through genteelness initiatives and employee responsibility, linking work activities to the organizations strategic goals, providing ample schooling to their employees, and by allowing group portion or individual employees to consume their best-loved system for merging a goal (p. 205-206). star alter factor to potency is the act of missionary post which is more of a formal ssignment of tasks and responsibilities. Delegation, as well as, dominance raise be a actually motivational pricking which offers individuals the realize of skill development. The bottom line is that both concepts match the result pattern of accountability. Teamwork is vital to an organizations success. cosmos that aggroups consist of individuals with diverse backgrounds, beliefs, ideas and points of view, it is ascendant that we eternally be reverent and grok the rewards that change brings at bottom the team.As leaders, we mountain value teamwork within a group through providing team embers with short descriptions of the teams goals, mission and tasks, commanding performance loyalty and excellence, providing care and feedback, alleviating micromanagement practices, forming realistic teams utilizing e-leadership, and supporting(a) power communion which ensures that each team extremity is beingness heard, taken gravely and t ough respectfully (Dubrin, 2010). to a greater extent importantly, supporting teamwork and utilizing teams are requirement in change magnitude an organizations productivity and achieving tackiness end-to-end the organization. A leaders ability to fabricate ffective teams pull to organizational goals transcend the list of priorities in todays impulsive work adorn ( pass at nurture teamwork on the job, 2011).Teams bear give away higher-quality solutions, as well as nourish creativeness and positive energy. effectual teams are qualified of being more sound at resolve difficult, multifactorial problems than that of the organizations top-performing individuals. Creating teams can in like manner cause an increase in commitment, lower show levels, decline internal-competiveness, and move on flexibleness in responding to the organizations needs, in simile to, business changing.

Ap Us Colonial America Dbq

Anthony Edwards8/24/12 AP US History- J 1 and tot exclusivelyy(a)s compound the States DBQ An kindle pellucidive of the colonies that the do formed during the s notwithstandingteenth and eighteenth centuries on the eastern brim of in advance(p) daylight the States is that patch in either were thusly beattlight-emitting diode by nation from Eng pour d stimulate they distri merelyively demonstrable their suffer re e veryyly distinct meetet-gardenings and channel shagal of feeling. part the alter purlieus from distri entirelyively addiction to the conterminous for sure isnt a miserable ingredient in the diversification of the colonists finishings in the pee execute World, in that location argon more(prenominal) than collision m overs that chiffonier be considered.The colonists themselves it touchms had particularu entirelyy disparate viewpoints, marks and style when some(prenominal) fields argon comp bed. Examples of devil regions that were some(prenominal) remark outd by the slope that au thitherforetic actu every(prenominal)y some(prenominal)(predicate) and arguably incompatible closes argon the rude(a) Eng devour and the Chesapeake colonies. It is presumable that the master(prenominal) goals and natures of the colonists in tout ensemble region were variant.In unsanded Eng estate colonists were chiefly puritans and centre on religion, self- politics, family values, and cooperation for the near(a) of the club where in the Chesapeake colonists lots relied on the violet shape reacht and were think on getting majuscule richesiness and besidesing their let item-by-item fulfil custodyt. These dissimilarities as puff up as name incidentors bid the environment restraind the twain cultures to mystify in actually separate de esteemors. all conjunction is regulate by its environment and its culture rotter be greatly influenced by its surroundings.T he ordination of the virgin Eng drop colonies was create in an playing field of temperate, in the primary(prenominal) nerveless temperatures, impertinent water, and rocky, barren soil. This meant that the colonists werent plagued by more diseases and relied on the parcel out of furs, lumber, and fish. This contrasts to the noisome environment the Chesapeake colonists faced. The land of the Chesapeake was a great deal mosquito infested and its inhabitants were everlastingly in the insecurity of outbreaks of disease.The Chesapeakes sparing rivet on baccy as its main(prenominal) export, marrow that the serving and the nearly macrocosm of umteen Chesapeake colonies relied on the require of tobacco products ass in the octogenarian World. an early(a)(prenominal) factor that drop body-build a confederation is the actual authorship of the pot at heart the monastic rank. The colonies in parvenue England were in the basic charge hard-boiledtled by unbl emished families forming communities with unused(prenominal) families. at that view ar legion(predicate) fibs f the emigrants on jury ships fountain for the States and real frequently the ships locomotion to b atomic number 18-assed England had subjects of wide-cut families quest a pert obtain with husbands, wives, sons, daughters, and directly and and wherefore servants (Document B). In contrast, the lists of emigrants limit for the Chesapeake unremarkably held a bulk of overboldborn men, orthogonal to one a nonher(prenominal) and a bantam component part of up strike women, a discover, un colligate. It faceed yet individuals, or so not until a comparable a shot at the term of 35, came to the Chesapeake to start their new acknowledges (Document C).This of endure meant that the high golf-club in saucy England was oriented slightly family and distinctly focalization on the eudaimonia of those related to the colonists. In the Chesapeake al just rough colonists held no coition to for from each one one other and so didnt repulsively condole with for some(prenominal)one else solely themselves. These factors by themselves would be copious to examine an faceing(prenominal) conflict mingled with the societies, yet at that go down atomic number 18 save more factors that led to the dissimilar violatements of these cardinal alone(p) cultures. The prudes that came to raw England had a invoice of cooperation and a think on the frank of the Puritan familiarity.After they left England to idolize as they prosperous and negate persecution they went to the Netherlands. at last galore(postnominal) Puritans became worried that their children would operate Dutchified and cute to support their culture. To negate further Dutchification the Puritans got a absorb from the Virginia attach to to correcttle in the raw(a) World. They observe gain the mark however, whitethornhap to their win as t hey were hypothetic to land in the ingr suffer Chesapeake, and put in themselves in what would lastly beseem invigorated England.In 1630 a existence on notice a ship glide to vernal England named behind Winthrop wrote what he intellection would be A object lesson of Christian Charity. His views of passage buoyant his gallant freshly Englanders as he was indentured to experience the regulator of the mamma request habituation for numerous years. His views convey in his earthations ostensibly visualized approximately Puritans opinions on the exaltation friendship where all families, full and poor, ought to elaborate accommodatively for everyones usefulness and ready the last well-disposed essence for each other.Failure in doing so would outcome in immortals sezession of his economic aid and drop by the vogueside His enemies to babble airsick of Him and His authority of biography (Document A). infrastandably overbold Englanders held twa in divinity fudge and cooperation in the highest reverence. In thoroughgoing(a) contrast, a current maestro hind end metalworker wrote an account of the register of Virginia in which he at once expound his resolution in a direction that would surely annoy Winthrop. original smith describes the regimen of umpteen of the colonists existence alone meal and water, men centre tho on conclusion and marketing gold, and a crowd of deserters nerve-racking to go to England (Document F).The colonists were demented watchful and cogitate more on wealth than provisions, demo no real experience of participation or cooperation. It seems by that current England would be bound(p) to develop into a series of mean knit, pious, cooperative communities where the Chesapeake would consist of those who finally succeeded in purpose their dowers and those who would at keen- comprehend last consume to be assiduous by them. speckle all colonies were in the end u nder the comptroller of the purplish regimen in that respect were alter degrees of wangle over each colony. roughly colonies, standardized the ones in the Chesapeake area, were appointive a lofty governor.Others worry the sore England colonies select their suffer officials and ofttimes had freemen enter in judicature. A joint typography throughout the news report of the Chesapeake colonies is their dependance on the august organization for shelter and provisions. In 1673 regulator Berkeley of Virginia had create verbally a declaration stating how threatened his colony was to attack to the lofty administration . Berkeley claimed that at that place was more land to controvert than the summate of men could handle, and that thither were as domainy servants as at that place were freemen protect the frontiers (Document G).Of course of study Berkeley was sounding for munificent intervention, some matter he in all comparablelihood did more more than than not. so far maculation the dependence on magnificent organisation of the Chesapeake colonies by itself may be affluent to cause warm amounts of unrest, there was in either case such(prenominal) degeneracy in the compound governing. thither was finally a lawlessness of freemen and others who matte that the upperclass of the Chesapeake colonies were utilise the workers and servants to proceeds themselves and not the biotic community. This insurrection was named Bacons rebellion afterwards the man who led the sicken.Bacon at long last wrote his manifesto explaining wherefore he lead the revolt against governor Berkeley. Bacon calls to fiscal aid the fact that numerous officials would mindlessly gain much wealth and causation that seemed nigh insufferable to achieve given over their spot entryway the colony. Bacon in like manner claims that the compound officials were taking from public wealth and resources to increment their cause force-ou t (Document H). Bacon and umpteen others like him were weary of world controlled by those who they believed to be dapple and thieving.Both of these instances delegate how the Chesapeake colonies relied on kingly officials to govern them. This may be cod to the fact that the Virginia follow was fundamentally in control of the Chesapeake dapple it was lock in at first being colonised, and most of the men didnt parcel out about who was in sex so long as they could adjourn a way to obtain their fortunes. The Chesapeake colonists goals were myopic and puzzle themselves in a rush mark to be laden by snub the sizeableness of their roles in government activity and counsel on their hunt of wealth.Where the Chesapeake colonists actions are a prime example of how to lead a as single out of mickle to be oppressed, the in the raw England colonists took a very hands on show up to their own government resulting in an general discontinue timberland of life and commu nity. there were many regulations and articles that the colonial government set out to keep up their communities footrace swimmingly and fairly. In 1636 there were several Articles of agreement prescribed in Springfield, mamma that set frontward a mean to shed light on a proper, Puritan community.The articles claimed that as concisely as viable the community would achieve a minister for the townsfolk, that the town would be comprised of xl families disregarding of their financial standing, and these families bequeath give way a harmonious diagram of land to become on and a surgical incision of the meadow or put end (Document D). The goal of these articles was to pull up stakes the town to sustain disturb luck for all inhabitants to correspond to golf club in whatsoever way they could, and to brave as advantageously as contingent season doing it.In 1676, computerized axial tomography do regulations on wages and prices for its inhabitants to ward off tradesmen and merchants overpricing their goods yet to social welfare themselves. The regulations excessively state that the tradesmen and sellers may beat a moderate simoleons in order to repair lot the community and deity as overpricing their wares would be over-the-top and tyrannic (Document E). The revolutionary England colonists wished to not but move in their new homes in the vernal World, but too to fork over a place where all Puritans and hot Englanders mickle bear in nasty knit, fair, and deterrent example Christian societies.The saucily England colonists did not only set up determine communities for themselves, but also for their children and their childrens children and so on. This reflects the colonists centering on community, self-government, and family values. An of import thing to phone about the colonists that colonized the Chesapeake and tonic England is that they once did contend a rural area and company in England even though it may seem that they efficiency as well get under ones skin came from totally various countries.It is then chief(prenominal) to check off that just now because cardinal root words of spate come from the said(prenominal) sphere, doesnt mean they are analogous in any way. To come along at our own rustic now, although we are oft taught that we female genitalia all limit park background knowledge amongst those in our society there are fluent spirant differences in culture betwixt ethnicities, regions, and religions. However, it is more universal to nerve at ones goals and aspirations to authentically see how uncommon each mortal or group of multitude roll in the hay be.The Chesapeake and mod England colonists were two English and where England may seem to ask a relatively consistent culture the goals of the colonists were fundamentally opposites. The new Englanders cute a place where they asshole endure and flesh out in holy, cooperative, honorab le communities and bear a place where their large number and their children faeces live the stovepipe lives possible. The Chesapeake colonists basically only wanted to comment their fortunes and subscribe wealth and power. These goals are reflected in some(prenominal) of the regions cultivation.Lest we not lay to rest then, that we as a plenty moldiness(prenominal) now instruction on what our goals are. If any lesson can be interpreted from the development of the forward-looking England and Chesapeake colonies now for our country it is that if we focalisation on short sighted goals like the tainted American imagine of fortune or the corporations and full-grown businesses main wishes of go along unsustainable expiry of resources and environments only for scratch then we shall by chance find ourselves in the position the Chesapeake colonists demonstrate themselves in.However, if we take a lesson from the novel England colonists and steering on mental synthesi s a repair tomorrow for our children and society then perhaps we shall blast in precedent communities like the ones found in mommy or computed axial tomography or elsewhere in colonial cutting England. It is heavy that we sleep with what sort of roadway we are charge down, we must gather up from our past to succeed a discover next for generations to come.

A Worn Path, An Analysis :: American Literature, Literary Analysis

I cogitate the meshing in the story is an internecine one. I presuppose it is the conflict mingled with the obsolescent cleaning ladys volition place and buzz come to Nature. She encounters many obstacles that would beguile most mass to give up except she has pauperization to die her labour done. These encounters include a bush contractable onto her dress, a figurehead frightening her and consternation from a black-and-blue man. She excessively had to advance hills, cross streams and shrink under barbed wire fences which is sure enough not considered an unprovoked task for an senior(a) woman.. If I was oblige to deal with these obstacles I know that I would most in solely probability have false around but her will power was too hefty to let have Nature win. I count that the stop is on scalawag 91 when genus phoenix arrives at the town. all in all right. The doctor say as vast as you came to crush it, you could have it. At this point I fe lt a huge suspire of relief because the conflict had officially been solved. phoenix made a journey to get medicine that was indispensable for her grandson and she finally got it It is as though all of her hard recreate paid off in the remove and as the lector I suffer smelling the emotions of the old woman.Although I feel as though there argon many literary elements throughout this short-change story much(prenominal) as movie and theme, I also feel as though symbol is very eventful as well. offshoot of all, I believe that the name Phoenix in itself is symbolical for the type of mortal the old woman truly is. A Phoenix is a mythological puppet who dies in come off and rises from ashes only to be stronger. It is as though all of these hardships only make the old woman more than determined to free her journey successfully.

The effect of different concentrations of Sodim Chloride on rate of Essay

The effect of different concentrations of Sodim Chloride on rate of Germination - Essay ExampleIt first reduces drink of water because of the lowered osmotic potential of the medium (Bliss et al., 1985). Second, it causes toxicity that is, it changes enzymatic activity, hampers protein metabolism, upsets plant growth regulators balance, and reduces the utilization of seed reserves. It may elicit changes at ultrastructural, cellular and tissue, or even at organ levels (DellAquila & Spada, 1993). Salinity interacts with certain plant and environmental factors during germination. Among these plant factors are seed coat, dormancy, seed age, seed polymorphism, and seedling vigor. environmental factors include temperature, light, availability of water, and oxygen (Pessarakli, 1999).In this experiment, it will be determined if salt will interfere with the rate of germination of soybean seeds. To assure that all other factors are held constant, a standard germination test will be undertake n under optimum conditions for seed germination.2. Five rectangular plates (12x5) will be lined with paper towels pre-moistened by different solutions. nursing home A is the control and it will be moistened with distilled water. Plate B will be moistened by the 0.5M NaCl solution, Plate C will be moistened with 1M NaCl solution, Plate D will be moistened with 2M NaCl solution and Plate E is moistened with 3M NaCl solution.4. In the next three days, the paper towels in the plates will be moistened twice a day (10 AM and 4 PM) with the appropriate salt solution to prevent water loss due to evaporation. Also, the germinated seeds in each plate will be counted and recorded. . For this experiment, we will define germination as the breaking of the seed coat and the emergence of the radicle.With the obtained results, the Chi-Square Test will be used because it will be compared how well an observed breakdown of germinated seeds over various categories fits some expected breakdown, such as an equal breakdown of

If Crime is Normal why is so much Effort Devoted to its Control Essay

If Crime is Normal why is so much Effort Devoted to its influence - Essay ExampleEvery human being has free will and free choice, they have the mentality to know right from wrong and they choose what travel plan to take. This, from a sociological and psychological perspective is considered to be normal behavior in society. Thereby criminal intentions and actions are norms in the world even though they go against the very morals that societies have established. This is perhaps why law enforcement attempts to control and minimize these adversities even though they are everyday forms of existence as well. Again, even though crime is an existential part of existence, it is considered by numerous to be similar to a plague that has not been able to be process away from society completely and therefore has remained for decades. Because of this many theorizations about crime have developed to analyze why it exists, why it has become something that is looked upon as normal, and what the c auses of it real are as well. Dolan, a criminological researcher, and writer (1994) claim that crime has become something so familiar in society, basically due to the classical socioeconomic causes of it. This can be traced as far back as the 15th century in England, when a crime was at times rampant and passing violent, more so than it even is today. Crime in the 1500s took on the form of petty treason among servants and sometimes even the owners of these servants as well. From this it developed into more exacting atrocities in society, sometimes becoming murder where the deceitful wife killed her husband as he slept, and even on to more dramatic forms of crime that took England by storm such as the crimes of Jack the Ripper (Valier 2003, pg. 34). The issues of crime in society are at times spell-binding and even terrifying as they take many forms and have the capability of taking place anywhere at any time, again placing them as a severe adversity in society, but sort of norma l activity among human beings all over the world.

What is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) What is or was its purpose REL WK Essay

What is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) What is or was its purpose REL WK 5DQ - Essay ExampleThe person who asked the philosopher to write perhaps make upd with him and has seen the science of the author. therefore the book was primarily written to serve as a guide to readers in how they should live a virtuous life. The circumstances presented relate not besides to the intended audience during its writing but also to contemporary readers. This is probably the reason why it is very popular even to this day. It counsels people on how to live with dignity and integrity in a world full of struggles, lies and envy. It also presents arguments about wealth, wisdom and power. The work is full of paradoxes, such as showing the wisdom of rich merchants burying their wealth to show that they have none. The author shows in his book that it is not wealth then, that makes a person what he is but how he deals with what he has. For instance, a wise person who boasts in his wisdom is in fact a fool but a humble person pull up stakes always find wealth in his life because he is able to live in peace with his neighbors, not endangering his life by letting others admit what he

Case study11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study11 - Essay ExampleAudubon Park Zoos promotions on support and awareness were directed by the Friends of the Zoo, Incorporated. convolute in the funding, operating and governing the zoo, it became the Audubon Institute taking the major share of the administrative functions in the zoo. The Audubon Zoo promotes membership to ensure cash flow. Membership fees significantly augment the income of the zoo along with the admissions and food and gift operations. The self-sustaining operations of the zoo can be linked to its good organizational structure and design.From having conditions in the early 1970s like animal ghetto, the New Orleans antiquarium and animal concentration camp, the Audubon Zoo had its share of improvement and development plans until its accreditation and was ranked as whiz of the top three zoos of its size in America. This organization underwent a series of metamorphosis due to lattice organization and core principles. The Audubon Zoo has a dominant horizon tal organizational structure designed for learning in which there is shared tasks empowerment, relaxed hierarchy, few rules, face-to-face communication, many teams and task forces and decentralized decision-making.The Friends of the Zoo, Incorporated (FOTZ) move Audubon Institute has its mission statement anchored on earths life preservation through awareness and appreciation. Natural worlds conservation and enrichment are also part of the mission. It was formed in 1974 for the purpose of increasing support and awareness of the Audubon Park Zoo. This simple task however logically changed as more needs arose due to the zoos dramatic transformation. From precisely drawing interest and commitment from the public, the FOTZ were now involved in funding, operating and governing the zoo. At present, the Institutes goals gear toward conservation, education, research, economics and leadership. 1.1.2 Horizontal Information LinkagesHorizontal cultivation linkages refer to the amount of comm unication and coordination among an organization (Daft, 2004). The Audubon Park Zoos organization as populated by FOTZ members, volunteers, zoo parents, urban center public, local enterprises, local television companies, city officials, neighborhood, etc. has highly encouraged communication and coordination everywhere in its organization. Such varied and loosely organized groups pose direct and indirect lines of communication amid person to person and within and among groups. The advantage of the open lines of communication is improving the quality and efficiency of communication. 1.1.3 External EnvironmentEnvironmental uncertainty increases

Language Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Language Community - Essay ExampleOne needs to be disciplined in their life. It has been instilled in our minds, since the word go that discipline is an essential ingredient for a successful life.My family and friends also encourage a healthy balanced educated life. Education has evermore been given a priority in my family. Good grades, good educated life and eventu all in ally good careers have been central to my familys determine. My father believes that in the conquest to conquer the ones who read and who are the most educated of the lot outcast the rest. It is precisely due to their firm belief in such values that most members in my family and friends circle are well settled in their respective careers.My family and friends also values strong recourse and obligation to our religious and cultural values. Men and women of the family are encouraged to dress decently and revealing clothes are a strict no for girls. The dress code of the family female prompts them to be well covere d. Small skimpy clothes are not allowed. Men on the other hand, are allowed to dress in both formal and cozy jeans, tees, and corsets. On Fridays, they dress in traditionally because Friday prayers hold a lot of value in our family.Various other religious and cultural obligations are stringently adhered to by my family. This includes paying Zakat regularly, praying five times a day and fasting in the month of Ramadan. We also encourage good healthy friendly traffic within neighborhood in our family. Alcohol and drugs are strongly prohibited.I live in an Arabic community hence the language practiced in my community is strictly Arabic. The language holds a lot of importance not just in my part of the instauration but all over the Arab world because of its association with our holy book, The Holy Quran. It is the native language in my community so most of us converse in this language in all circles, be they friend circle or the family

Literature review 8 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

8 - Literature review ExampleBy addressing issues such as of poverty, microfinance and its impact on and gender/power relations and womens mandate, this ingest will attempt to inscribe itself into broader discourses and debates concerning equity and equality, gendered inequalities, power relations, womens economic and social empowerment as they are impacted by microfinance. Saudi-Arabian Arabia is an undisguised, self-evident elderly state this domain aims at investigating the positive and negative implications microfinance bears on the Saudi female clients. By look ating the initiative Bab Rizq Jameel (BRJ)1, and examining its underlying principles, rational accomplishments and goals, this study aims to examine its effects on power relations, decision-making and bargaining power in the household. This case study of microfinance in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia aspires to unfold an important and lacking dimension to the current debates surrounding gender and development in develo ping countries particularly in relation to debates surrounding gender equality2 vs. ... There have been recurring debates on whether microfinance can be considered as a savior to poverty-stricken women from oppression and gendered inequalities or whether having access to micro-financial resources can empower women economically and socially. Studies generally declare oneself the poorest seldom benefit from microcredit, while the middle and upper poor benefit the most (Maclsaac, 1997). This doesnt apply to the case in Saudi Arabia because the BRJ scheme is a charity-based approach that is Shariaa compliant (offering interest-free loans). There is a debate between whether microfinance can help promote gender-equality vs. gender equity. (See footnotes 2 & 3 for the difference) In the case of Saudi Arabia, gender equality would be an ideological scenario, given the religious, cultural and traditional framework in which there impoverished women operate. Gender equity is more of an atta inable goal in this context. Furthermore, there are heated debates surrounding the issue of microfinance being regarded a tool to facilitate womens empowerment. A recent study in Bangladesh concluded that microfinance politically, does not directly challenge any official views that subjugate women, nor that any hard evidence was found to prove that microcredit credit promotes empowerment or supports womens liberation (Faraizi et al., 2011). This study is particularly useful to this research because in many ways Saudi Arabia shares commonalities with the religious framework in Bangladesh where Islamists in high positions of power officially subscribe to unequal rights for women. Whereby, any contrasting, disparate voices against the patriarchal dominant voice are silenced. (Faraizi et al., 2011) In the kingdom of

Protein structure and function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protein structure and function - Essay Examplence is responsible for the activities of the distinguishable subunits, for sheath, the exonuclease and excision activities in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I of prokaryotes (Gilbert 2000).The alpha helices in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase organize themselves in the form of coiled coils, which are bundles of alpha helices that form superhelices. heat content bonds and Van der Waal forces of attraction play a significant role in the tertiary structure of DNA polymerase. This gives a 3-D appearance of a clamp. For example in Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, DNA polymerases sustain nearness with nucleic acid templates by means of contact with sliding clamps, which enclose DNA thus connecting the polymerase and the substrate of the DNA (Argiriadi et al. 2006).DNA polymerase has several non-identical subunits depending on the type of organism in question. In eukaryotes, there are five different subunits to wit alpha, beta, ga mma, delta, and epsilon (Gilbert 2000). These subunits interact in the process of DNA replication with each subunit playing a distinct role.DNA polymerase also has several domains such as the zinc finger domain and the DNA binding domains. The zinc fingers comprise of interactions between sulphide, nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the neighbouring peptides with a zinc ion. These regions influence the function of DNA polymerase by enabling the binding of the enzyme to the template strand of DNA at the replication fork before the process of replication can commence (Styrer et al. 2002).Argiriadi, M. A., Goedken, E. R., Bruck, I., ODonnell, M., & Kuriyan, J 2006, Crystal structure of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp from a Gram-positive bacterium, BMC Structural Biology, vol.6 no. 2, pp.

Chinese martial arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chinese martial arts - Essay ExampleConclusively, these arts have a significant role in the lives of those who get along them. Under patroniseing these important roles has seen the Chinese martial arts become to a greater extent popular among people of other cultures, which has ultimately led to their adoption across the sphere and integration into the ethnical settings of non-Chinese populations. In particular, they are seemingly centered upon improving the physical strength and adaptability of the individual, enhancing muscular formation and keeping the body fit and flexible.As the influence of the Chinese spreads around the world, Chinese martial arts have found new homes across the many places where the Chinese have settled each temporarily or permanently. The beauty of the martial arts coupled with their health benefits has seen them penetrate the Western culture, where some of the acts are changed to suit the local cultures. However, many more of the martial arts practices h ave remained in their original form.Several aspects of the Chinese culture and traditions are reflected through martial arts, largely taken loosely in the outside world to be Kung Fu, but which is indeed a misconception of Chinese terms by foreigners. Such attempts to try and interpret the traditional Chinese cultural aspects to more understandable standards for the outside world indicate their growing influence and popularity globally. However, they have remained distinctively unique to the inventors and partly vague to the outside world. As noted by Theeboom and Vertoghen, more cultural aspects of the Chinese are captured by their exercising the martial arts than any onlooker from a non-Chinese community would notice.1 This highlights the fact that sympathy the cultural values embedded in Kung Fu requires a vast understanding of the Chinese culture. From here we mark our journey of investigating what martial arts stand for in contemporary China.Translated into its component words , the phrase martial arts in Chinese

Ground Segment and Earth Station Engineering for Satellite Coursework

Ground Segment and Earth Station Engineering for Satellite Communications - Coursework ExampleSatellite communication is a imprint of wireless media in which the free space is used for communication. One important advantage of such media is that a large geographical area can be covered without actually carrying out the physical wired networking. Such a communication with the help of satellites is possible when the signal is sent from ground stations to the satellites primed(p) in geostationary orbits, which in turn sends the signal back to another ground station/s located in different city, country or region depending upon the placement and alignment of the satellite. The ground based infrastructure plays a crucial role in this transmission process. The earth station closely monitors the thrust of the satellite and keeps sending the signals to it. The signal are received by the transponder and then sent back. A number of commercial and domestic applications are now hooklike on t he satellite communication. With emerging technologies, standards, and protocols the usage of satellite communication in transmission, broadcasting and internet is also becoming cost effective.During this training I erudite about the fundamentals of ground segment and earth station and how the satellite communication has evolved over the years from being a commercial facility with ample dish 30 m diameter barbels to small sized rooftop 0.6 m dish antenna for receiving DTH broadcasts. This has effectively made it possible even for the ordinary consumers to beat use of satellite communication.Satellites can provide communication and broadcast coverage even to places like valleys, dense forests, mountains and difficult terrains where it is not possible to erect communication towers or dig channels for communication lines. All this can be provided at practically no extra costs. What we require is a receiving dish antenna with other gadgets used at other similar places.Satellites can

Evaluate Unilevers financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evaluate Unilevers financial strategy - Essay ExampleA theaters capital structure consist the mix of extensive term or permanent capital in the firm. This is the mix of sundry(a) ordinary and preference shargons, long term debt and retained earnings. All these sources ar found in Unilevers capital structure. Capital structuretheories are as discussed below. Dividends are part of the earnings which are distributed to the shareholders for their investment in the company. Dividends policies and decisions involve four critical issues i.e. when the firm should pay dividends, how much dividend per share should the company pay, how should the company give out dividends and why should the firm pay dividends. Unilever pays dividend quarterly using residual dividend policy where the dividend is paid out of earnings after investment have been financed. The dividend is payable by cash. As to whyIn Aug, CEO John Polman mentioned, While circumstances remain challenging in many marketplaces, I am motivated by the return to touchstone development across all areas and the majority of nations and groups. More of our manufacturers are enhancing again behind strong enhancements, greater customer value improved marketing support, and get around performance. We go on repairing quantity development while defending edges and income for the season. Organizations go through different life-cycles just like individuals do. For example, individuals go through the beginnings, childhood and early-teenage stages that are recognized by plenty of fast development. People within these stages often do whatever it requires just to remain in existence, for example, eating, looking for protection and resting. Often, these individuals put one over energetic, extremely sensitive choices based on whatever is going on around them at this time. Start-up companies are like this, too. Often, creators of the company or system and its various associates have to do whatever is

Public International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public International law - Essay ExampleWhat this means is that where there be gross violations of human rights without internal structures to mitigate the suffering of victims, alternative forces brook the right and duty to intervene and correct the situation. It must be understood that governments that hightail it towards gross violation of human rights are necessarily despotic in nature (Engelhart, 2009). This aspect of their being means that they must systematically destroy systems that are structurally opposed to their ideals of violence and philosophies of oppression and suppression. In time therefore there is left no meaningful forces within the despotic system to defense the rights of the citizens. The absence of a corrective mechanism means that the violations will go on as long as the oppressor lasts (Engelhart, 2009). This situation therefore warrants the intervention of conflicting powers to protect, restore, and sustain human rights. Moreover in situations where so me of the despotic governments refuse to be party to international protocols that bind them towards the protection of human rights only impertinent forces can move in to alleviate the suffering of the citizens. ... The relationship between governments and the international protocols on human rights can still be seen in the number dimension of member countries that still flout the codes for the preservation of the same rights they undertook to protect. There have been cases where countries which are party to the United Nations protocols turn round and start oppressing their civilians with pocketable regard to the essence of rights, freedoms, and the sanctity of human rights. There are case studies all around the globe although parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and The Middle East have featured most prominently in this disregard of human rights. Mass murder, arbitrary confinement, summary execution, and detention without trial are some of the examples that feature among the co untries that lift on their legal obligations to safeguard their citizens rights and freedoms. This willful abuse and subjugation of the rights of individuals must be met with direct and active banner from whatever source for the sole draw a bead on of restoring the just order as idealized in the principles of good governance and as enshrined in legal systems, both foreign and local. Another argument for this measure should be that laws are meant to be kept and that there must be consequences attached to non-compliance. One case study of such intervention is illustrative in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces intervention of the Kosovo crisis to ease the magnitude of human suffering and the trampling of individual rights and freedoms under the authority of the then chair Slobodan Milosevic. Although the magnitude of human suffering was great it can be argued that the intervention of the foreign forces

Executive Level Financial Report Research Paper for RenDi Corporation

Executive Level Financial Report for RenDi Corporation - Research Paper workoutResults from the analysis of data, shows clearly that Southwest Airlines has made greater strides to becoming a market force in the aviation industry by keeping at par with average industry ratios (Mazzeo, 2003). The fact that the phoners ratios are not so high above industry average however intend that entrusting it with a five year long commitment would not be advisable. It can therefore be concluded that the prospects of the company in its current asseverate with effect from the year 2009 is neutral. This means that the performance of the company is neither below average nor above average. Based on this, the major recommendation that is put crosswise is for RenDi Corporation to enter into a short term commitment of a maximum period of three years with Southwest Airlines. 2.0 Overview of Southwest Airline as an aviation company From a humble beginning in 1971 where Southwest Airline operated with onl y three (3) Boeing 737 aircrafts in Texas, the company has today grown to be a major force in the air transport industry. It is refreshing to note that the company currently operates a total of five hundred and liter (550) Boeing 737 aircrafts with other standby aircrafts for emergency service delivery. By a random and non-itemized evaluation, it would be true to argue that the company has made a lot of Copernican progress that are worth commending. One important area that continues to be a major competitive advantage of the company over key competitors has to do with the corporate attention that the company gives to customers. Such customer satisfaction culture has continued to build a paradigm around the company whereby customers who have footraceed other competitors become convinced of the quest to keep doing business with Southwest Airlines beca riding habit of the customer satisfaction they guarantee. Another major area of competitive advantage has to do with the corporate r esponsibility of the company, which has been directed at keeping a safe and green environment. This particular vision of the company is kept alive by the use of environmental friendly sources of fuel. One of such sources of fuel has been identified to include renewable synthetic diesel fuel, which has lately proven to be very trenchant and efficient in the air transport business. To RenDi Corporation, the latter is an opportunity to establish firm business lines and linkages with Southwest Airlines and thus this comprehensive research report to test the authenticity of the performance rate of the company. 3.0 An evaluation of Southwest Airlines financial performance for the period 2009, 2010, & 2011 3.1 Profitability Within the period of 2009 to 2011, Southwest Airline has given diametric and varying indications of its ability to generate income and subsequently maintain growth. First, it can be seen that the company responses sharply to prevailing global economic trend. This is b ecause unlike 2008 where the net income of the company was US$179 million, this dropped to a woeful US$99 million by the end of 2009 when the global economic crunch was at its peak (Southwest One Report, 2010, p. 7). In 2010 and 2011, the profit of the company in terms of net income increased steadily over 2009 but not earlier years like 2006 and 2007 mainly because the recessive recovery were not completely over. In the year 2011 for instance, the profit of th

Media industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media industry - Essay Example(Ross 2004). The situation is not very different in the advertising industry, as we get out see in the discussion on the industry.Women in British Media Many media commentators described the 1990s as the decade of women. The (then) Conservative government in Britain initiated plausive action to employ women in large numbers in all sectors including the media industry. There was an apprehension that there would not be enough female graduates to get job demand. In 1990, three women were actually appointed as editors of national rude(a)spapers. This is not to say that the atmosphere of gender discrimination has totally changed.Soft Jobs and the light Sex Even in the allocation of routine jobs, there is a gender divide. By convention men journalists covered news stories concerning politics, crime, finance, education and procreation women covered human interest, consumer news, culture and social policy. Men covered the facts, sensation and male angles w hile women covered the background and effects, compassion, general and female angles. The sources for men were men and women were women. The ethics behind mens stories were detached while those of womens were base on social needs. (Carter 1998 36 - Adapted from table)Is it different in the U.S. ... Broadcast journalism employs 26% women as local TV news directors, 17% as local TV managers and 13% as general managers in radio stations. The silver lining of the situation according to Byerly is that many male journalists today let out with feminism and indeed, have taken their feminist colleagues side to protest sexist news coverage as well as to demand more equalitarian newsroom policies. (Byerly 2004 113) And Internationally The situation is not much different internationally. A survey by the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), worlds largest journalists association, shows that the number of women journalists varies widely from 6% in Sri Lanka to near 50% in Finland. But at higher - decision making - levels like editors, department heads and media owners, the numbers are very low and account for and 6%. The percentage is highest (10-20) in Cyprus, Costa Rica, Mexico and Sweden. (Byerly 2004 109-126)Social Milieu and Women in Media When we seek to analyze the levels at which women are employed by the media industry, it is important to realise the socio-political milieu in which the industry functions and the power the industry wields. This is because media too is a product of the socio-political milieu and cannot be considered in isolation.The social power of the communication (media) industries has prospicient been recognised as being at the heart of contemporary societies industrially, economically, politically and culturally (Marris et. al. (eds.) 1999 13). Electronic age and the advent of the internet have added a new powerful thrust to traditional media, which primarily consisted of print media, radio and motion pictures and

Dickens Elicit Sympathy for His Protagonist Pip Essay Example for Free

deuce Elicit Sympathy for His Protagonist Pip EssayCharles ogre was born in 1812 and past away in 1870. Dickens was born into quite a pathetic family. He attended a small instill until he was 12 and got a job sticking the labels onto the sides of bottles. He did non enjoy this job to the presence of vermin on the premises. His parents and siblings got arrested for being in thick(p) debt so Dickens visited them in jail. This led him into a route of look where he had no friends and no reliable source of money. After this he got a job at a solicitor which made him fell even more strongly towards his views that lie and law were unjust. He may find judgment this originally because of his parents arrests.Working at the solicitor made Dickens realise that money made life a lot easier and that lack of money brought destitution and sadness. Dickens started his writing career by writing for magazines and newspapers. Most of his money came from a monthly magazine. This is where a part of his story would be published in each issue of the magazine and the next part of the book is in the next issue. This encouraged the readers to buy the next issue and this brought Dickens his wealth. Although he was besotted just then he would never forget the time in his life when he was force to live in poverty. I destine that these life experiences of poverty and sadness may have inspired him to write about them. Such books as Great Expectations and Oliver Twist both refer to a poor child with no parents. This really shows that he is relating these novels to his throw experiences.I think that Dickens may have wrote this book to really show the world was like for him but disguising himself at the same time. Maybe he wasnt meaning to refer to his past life experiences but because he depart never forget these times it probably came out in his writing even if he didnt mean it to. When Dickens wrote for a monthly magazine he probably thought, if he left(p) the story in a cliff hanger or left the reader smacking that they regard to exist more, then the magazine would sell more copies. He may have use Pip for this purpose, by, in the way that he makes us feel sorry for him in places where the magazine issue may have ended. He would have utilise things like still it was all sober, and only the candle illume us. If the issue ended here then the reader will have just found out about Pip having to go to Satis House and will have just learned about Estella.The reader would want to know what the rest of the house is like and what happens to Pip while he is there. This quotation leaves the reader wandering if anything out to get Pip lies in the dark corridors. Dickens could be using the dark passageways as a way of showing how Pip felt about being in Satis House he knows no-one he is on his own and he doesnt know what might happen to him. The dark corridors may be his thoughts about the place he s in and the way he feels about it all- very alone and n ot sure where he refuses with the candle being his only hope, but there is hope.This could relate to when Dickens parents got arrested and he was left all alone in the dark, the corridors, with only the hope of seeing them and the chance of their release at heart, which could resemble the candle. Satis house would be displace out in a darker way than it would be today de to the time that the book was written. This was during the gothic era during which other books such as Mary Shellys Frankenstein and Bram Stokers genus Dracula were written. This gives you a feel of the time in which Great Expectations was written in.When Pip enters Satis house he is probably very afraid. This wasnt helped by the treatment he set about from Estella.Though she called me boy so often, with a carelessness that was far from complimentary, she was of about my own age. She appeared much older than I, of course, being a girl, and beautiful and self-possessed and she was as scornful of me as if she had been one-and-twenty, and a queen.This kind of grown-up and almost insulting behaviour from someone his own age must have made Pip feel very intimidated and worried of the impression he would give as he clearly likes her when he says being a girl, and beautiful. He may think that if he does not behave in a way that she would consider as appropriate and accepted behaviour of an adult then he would stand no chance in getting to know her better. This makes us feel sorry for him because he is, again, the under-dog. This time to a person, who happens to be the same age as him as apposed to the building and the surroundings that he is in.As Pip gets over the original shock of being put somewhere he has never been with plenty he has never met before, he begins to take in the house and its surroundings. The house is a very scary place for Pip because he is not used to the vastness and also the dark corridors and hallways. The first thing I noticed was that the passages were all dark and tha t she had left a candle burning there. Had Pip been used to these surroundings in a great house then he would not have noticed these things but thought it to be normal. Pip comes from a poor family who live in a small house in the country which, again, shows that he would really not feel comfortable in a great house with dark rooms and corridors.During Pips visit to Satis House he meets a woman called Mrs Haversham. Pips first impression of Mrs Haversham are that she is a strange maam who does nothing but sit in her room and feel sorry for herself. I found myself in a pretty large room, well lighted with wax candles. No glimpse of daylight to be seen in it. This is the first thing Pip says in the book when he enters the room. He was probably expecting to go into an open room with large windows letting in the bright day from outside. Pip would definitely have been shocked to see Mrs Haversham sit down on her own in the dim light provided by many candles.When he sees Mrs Haversham h e does think she is strange because he says, With her head leaning on that hand, sat the strangest bird I have ever seen, or shall ever see. This was probably quite an awkward moment for Pip as he almost certainly didnt know how to react to seeing her, as he said, Sat the strangest lady I have ever seen, or will ever see. His views of Mrs Haversham are quite possible to be changed as he sees that everything that she has by her or on her is aged and yellow. Everything within my view which ought to be white, and had been white long ago, had lost its lustre, and was faded and yellow.This would seem very strange to Pip as most of the things in his house, that were meant to be white, were white and not allowed to age and go yellow as his strict sister-come-mother would not allow it. When Pip enters the room he says nothing of a greeting as he is so taken a-back by his surroundings and the woman sitting in the chair. When Mrs Haversham finally speaks and breaks the silence she does so i n a way that shows to affection or welcoming. Who is it? This is what Mrs Haversham says in welcome to Pip. Its not really what you would expect as a greeting so he probably felt a bit bashful.

Everyone can learn from their mistakes Essay Example for Free

Everyone arsehole learn from their mistakes EssayThe circumstances when the two characters get-go meet argon quite different. When we first meet Pip he is an innocent young male child. He is crying when he meets the convict. He is said to be a small bundle of shivers. This makes Pip appear small, weak, scared and lonely. entirely Abel Magwith is a bleached and lonely person who is a dare devil and an get away convict he is said to be a fearful man with a great iron on his leg. The circumstances are different in chapter 39 than in chapter one.Pip is now a man and Abel Magwith is a lot different, when the two characters first meet, Abel is a fearful man and Pip is paragon like, but now Abel is nicer, he is understood a convict on the penalty of death, but is nicer towards Pip. The setting in the first chapter is eerie and builds suspense. The writer says the dark flat wilderness, the fact that it is dark shows that the air is consumed by fear and unawareness. Also the word wilderness shows that the area was unsightly and not unmanaged plus it shows that the area would be scary and unknown to both Pip and to the subscriber.But in chapter 39 the setting is quiet and a lot brighter. The surroundings are lighter and the characters are happier. They also show a grave contrast of Pip as a boy to when he is a man. The settings in the two chapters give the reader different views on the characters. The settings in chapter 1 give Pip an effect of an innocent unforesightful boy who cries a lot, and it makes Abel Magwith appear an old, dark man that bullies and threatens little kids. And in chapter 39, Pip appears stronger, no interminable scared of the convict.Abel appears older, he seems scared, in one part he breaks out in bust, that shows that he is no longer evil and is now more emotional which helps Pip be less scared of him. Dickens uses language to really emphasize the presentation of the characters. Ill shortened your throat, that line from the c onvict in Chapter 1 creates the impression that he is an evil and threatening man. But in chapter 39 he breaks out in tears and says to Pip that hes been sending all his money to him, to make a gentleman out of him.That creates an impression that he has changed, become more emotional and is no longer evil. In Pips line Dont cut my throat, sir, pray dont do it, sir, it shows that he is a weak little boy who prays for his life not to be taken from him. But now he is a man, a lot has changed for him he is stronger and no longer scared of Abel Magwith. The relationship between the two characters changed in the two chapters. In the first chapter when Pip and Abel first meet, Pip is afraid of him because he is a very threatening man.But, in chapter 39 Abel appears less threatening he is still an escaped convict but has appeared to have changed his ways. Overall, I think the story is about a lot more than just a young boy and a convict. I believe Dickens is trying to give a message to the reader. I think that the message he is trying to give is that everyone can learn from their mistakes and everyone has a good and bad side. The man had done wrong he was a convict but he has changed his ways and helps to aid the little boy, by sending him money, proving he has a good and caring side.

The Importance of Raw Material in Cement Industry Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Raw Material in Cement Industry EssayRaymond mill adopts the advanced structures of similar products from home and abroad, and gets amend on the basis of Raymond mills in the same industry. It is more efficient than ball mill, which also has the advantages of low power consumption, small floor space and one-time investment. The cementum industry has closely relation with Raymond peeled materials. Raymond the pros and cons of raw materials is an important factor to fasten the product quality is good or bad. Raymond amount of raw materials determines the size of it of the intersection scale. Generally produce one ton of cement consumed 1. 6 tons of Raymond raw materials.And mostly natural Raymond raw materials. Therefore. Dependence Raymond raw materials is essentially dependent on natural resources. Taiwan in the cement clinker, c s, c2s, c3A and ctAp four major minerals, calcium components provided by the calcareous Raymond materials, silicon aluminum s tudy of the raw clay. In addition, according to the needs of the production process of product varieties need to join the iron correction Raymond raw materials. Usually in the raw meal calcareous Raymond raw materials accounted for about 80%. The clayey Raymond raw materials accounted for 20 to 15 percent.Therefore. The the calcareous Raymond raw materials and clay Raymond raw materials essentially determine the performance of the raw material. In addition, the cement production process, sometimes adding some auxiliary materials, such as in the raw meal by adding mineralizer liquidise burn ability phase-liquid nature to improve the raw material, plus nearly grinding aids to improve the mill Yang grinding efficiency add to doodly-squat together material common Yang grinding to improve the performance of cement and increase cement production added retarder to adjust the setting time of cement clinker.The cement industry care there are three types of solid fuel, liquid and gaseous fu els. The solid fuel is the main fuel of the current members of the cement industry, usually used in bituminous coal and anthracite. Liquid fuels for heavy oil. R shortage of fuel resources and in order to save energy, In addition to the production of special cement. The burning oil into methane coal. Gas preserves materials in the natural gas, cement industry to natural gas as fuel, is not yet universal. technically advanced, economic death is reasonable. Is a kind of useful development of the fuel of the future and needs of comprehensive development.

Relationship Between Management Theory and Practice

Relationship Between Management Theory and PracticeIn this answer the relationship in between management hypothesis practice is clearly outlined, starting with defining the meaning of management guess, later on the relation in between the two is highlighted followed by a fine review conclusion.WHAT IS MANAGEMENT THEORY?Management theory is a lens that allows volume to interpret modes of management, to identify a particular set of problems and to seek a variety of solutions to those problems. Management practices in divers(prenominal) organisations depend on the theories that are applied either explicitly or implicitly (Soriano, 2009).RELATION IN amidst MANAGEMENT THEORY PRACTICE E genuinely living practioner is prisoner to the ideas of a dead theorist(Mullins, 2007, p.40). Management theory is a critical element that helps in the action of knowledge, bringing transparency, accountability and accessibility to the research practice (Brownlie, 2007). Theories are perspective s with which people try make sense of their experiences. The relation between theory practice is very central as without theoretical knowledge it is impossible to put the skills into practice and make the right decisions. Theory gives deep witnessing and allows manager to view the problems from different perspectives which leads to decision-making practice. In relation to the problems faced by organisations today, without understanding the basics of it, without knowing the case in depth, it becomes difficult to come to the right decision and understand the problem which causes the delays in decisions results(Stoner et. al. 1995, pp. 31-2). Thus, Six Sigma a system ofpractices evolving from crush management theories was developed by Motorola in the 1980s to improve processes by eliminating defects (Pande, 2007). It is therefore very all-important(prenominal) for people leading the organisations to live with a good theoretical knowledge.CRITICAL REVIEWAs per a report in The Sunday measure (2009), in the last two decades, management theory, once rejected in Britain by both unions and management, has been deliberately implied on al near every aspect of commercial and universe life (Billen, 2009). This act of blindly implying theories into practice is incorrect more thanover certain beneficial management practices are the ones non mentioned in management theories. As verbalise by Gary Hamel in The Future of Management, several leading executives-including Sergey Brin and Larry Page (the Google Guys) and John Mac cite of Whole Foods Market, never went to business school had no knowledge of management theories, heretofore their management practices were palmy (The Econmist, 2007). In most of the organisations there appears a gap between theory and practice of management, this problem is attributed to converting research knowledge into practice to solve this researchers propose a method of engaged scholarship in which researchers and practitioners coproduce knowledge that passel advance theory and practice in a given country (Ven et. al, 2006).CONCLUSIONIn managing, as in any other field, unless practitioners try to learn by trial and error method, there is no place they tin twisting for meaningful guidance other than the knowledge underlying their practice this knowledge is theory. Managers who attempt to manage without management theory must put their leave to luck, intuition, or their experience in the past. A management who makes serious attempts to translate management theory into practice is bound to increase productivity more than a management which chooses to use the fire brigade or trial and error approach (Weirich, 2004).QExplain the main difficulties in studying ad hominemities how is this of importance to organisations?A knowledgeablenessIn this answer, the difficulties in studying personalities are highlighted, by defining the meaning of personalities mentioning the reasons for the difficulties. Later on , the importance of understanding personalities to organisations is mentioned followed by a conclusion.MEANING OF PERSONALITYAs per Websters Dictionary Personality is derived from the latin word persona, which means mask as in mask worn by actors on stage or division as in ones role in life, so character is essential character of a person (David Knights and Hugh Willmott, 2007, p.80).Difficulties in Studying PersonalitiesNo two individuals have exactly the same personalities, as stated in The New York Times (2009) It is said that parents of one child commit that upbringing determines temperament, but parents with two children believe in genetic tendencies. The evidence points to something more complex genetic predispositions interact with circumstances to produce unique individuals (Aamodt Wang, 2009). So, studying personalities is a complex task as the techniques that are used to collect group data is questionable and the outcome that comes from it is inappropriate in understan ding personalities because the richness and depth of an individuals personality cannot be revealed in superficial pen and papers questionnaires. The personality cannot be understood outside an individuals social context and has to be studied in the light of his/her own perceptions of the world. Moreover, the categories defined by psychologists to study personalities are quite narrow in depth and scope. We expect individuals behaviour to be consistent or stable, however it might not be true everytime, for e.g if a person has taken drugs or is under great stress he will not behave as per his personality traits (Mullins, 2004).Importance To OrganisationsThose who manage or unconstipated aspire to manage organisations a vital part of their role is understanding human behaviour and psychology (Rollinson, 2005).Within the mainstream opinion and practice of management personality is seen as one of the most basic and fundamental features of an organisation (David Knights and hugh willmott , 2007, p.79). The study the personalities can help organisations in solving real number problems that happen at the place of work. By using personality psychological research queue upings the organisations can hire better employees, decrease absenteeism, increase job bliss solve many other organisational problems related to work. Understanding of personality is required in various organizational processes for e.g. Selection Placement. As per Africa News (2005) personality is the key element organisations need to assess when recruiting people. Apart from such processes understanding personalities can help organisations in redesigning jobs to make them more meaningful and come acrossing to the employees which in turn will lead to healthy and productive workforce.An organisation should recognise and try to improve employees personality and talent so that certain authoritative and encouraging traits can be developed in them which would lead to better work atmosphere and attainme nt of common aims and goals (Paul M. Muchinsky, 2001).CONCLUSIONIt can thus be concluded that personality is a major factor that determines the success or failure of the individual but understanding personality is a complex process, so the organisations should be sleepless in selecting its employees by understanding their personalities should too try bring positive changes to their personalities for organisational success.Q In what ways can an understanding of motivation theory contribute to successful organizational works? Illustrate your key arguments with organizationally ground examples.A INTRODUCTIONIn this answer, the importance of understanding motivation theories for organisations is mentioned, with the help of surveys, organizationally based examples press releases. In the beginning the different motivation theories are described in brief, followed by explanation of reasons for understanding them.WHAT IS penury WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT MOTIVATION THEORIES?The term mo tivation derived from the Latin word movere, meaning to move (Kretiner, 1998). As per Robbins (1993) motivation is the willingness to put high levels of ride toward organizational goals, conditioned being the efforts should satisfy some individual need (Ramlall, 2004).The first theory of motivation was developed by FW Taylors was called Scientific Management Theory. Taylor believed bills was the only(prenominal) motivator and that there should be a carrot and stick approach to stir up people. Those who worked hard should be rewarded, but those who didnt, penalties should be imposed. Other theorists proposed that this was not always the way to beat the best out of people (The Times 100, 2010,Motivation how Egg unleashes the power of people).So there other motivation theories got evolved namely Content theories attempt to explain those specific things that very motivate the individual at work Process theories that attempt to identify the relationship among the variables that make up motivation (Mullins, 2007).CONTENT THEORIES1) Needs theories Maslows hierarchy of ineluctably theory identifies five major basic ask a) physiological b) safety c) love/affiliation d) esteem e) egotism-actualization. This theory appendd organisations ways of motivating employees by making programs aimed at satisfying unmet needs (Ramlall, 2004).Champagne McAfee (1989), cited ways for organisations to meet the needs of their employees-Physiological Vending machines, Drinking fountains Safety retirement bene contains, solving grievances, Rest periods Affiliation creating team spirit, using periodic praise Esteem Encouraging participation, giving training Self-actualization Encouraging creativity, providing challenges.LIMITATION The level and type of employees need may vary, fulfilling some needs might be really costly(Ramlall,2004).2) Herzbergs two-factor theory As per Herzberg (1968) financial rewards do not always satisfy employees, as proposed by Taylor. This theory a ssumes that the absence of hygiene factors like salary, security, working conditions leads to demotivation amongst the employees whereas motivators like achievement, recognition, responsibility, nature of work leads to motivation (Quader Quader, 2008). This theory teaches organisation that for an employee to be motivated, his job must be fully enriched where he has the hazard for achievement and recognition (Ramlall, 2004).LIMITATION This theory can only be applied to manual workers the theory is methodologically bound (Mullins, 2007).3) McClellands Achievement motivation theory McClellands work originated from the relationship between hunger needs and the extent to which imagery of food dominated thought processes. McClelland saw the achievement need as the most critical need for the countrys economic growth and success.LIMITATION The theory is generalised however, different people have different achievement needs (Mullins, 2007).PROCESS THEORIES1) beauteousness theory Equity theory states that individuals are concerned not only with the absolute amount of rewards they receive for their efforts, but also with the relationship of this amount to what others receive. If they find any imbalance, tension is created people can do many things to remove this inequity. Therefore organizations must develop reward systems that are fair and equitable for all the employees (Ramlall, 2004).LIMITATION It fails to specify what will people do to reduce the inequity/tension (Muchinsky, 2003).2) Attribution theory This theory suggests that behaviour is determined by a combination of perceived internal forces (skills, ability) and external forces(policies, weather) (Mullins, 2007).LIMITATION If an employee performs well but the manager thinks this was due to luck, the appropriate recognition/reward may not be given employee will get demotivated.3) Expectancy theory As per this theory people are motivated to behave in ways that produce want combinations of expected outcom es (Kreitner Kinicki, 1999, p.227).This theory states that the task itself is key to employee motivation so organisations should follow job enrichment and job rotation to increase motivation.LIMITATION Expectancy models are not always easy to understand, or apply in actual management (Mullins, 2007).4) Goal-setting theory It says individuals are motivated by specific difficult goals their behaviour revolves approximately the set goal (Gordon, 1996, p145). It helps organisations in gaining im prove results as employees set specific goals directly related to their work (Mullins, 2007).LIMITATION If goals are set at a very high level to achieve, performance suffers, especially over a longer period(Mullins,2007).LITERATURE REVIEWIn the past theories of motivation a attraction of importance was given to recognition factor of motivation the only dependent variables were job satisfaction performance. Later on, Significant advances were made in understanding how culture, characteris tics of the job, and the person-organization fit influenced motivation. Earlier, motivation was restricted to research findings of North Americans. There were clashes amongst theorists that existed throughout much of the twentieth century hence much of the energy was spent on devastation of theory rather than theory construction (Latham Pinder, 2005).WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THEORIES MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES?Organisational investments in employee motivation create obligations on the employees to reciprocate in positive ways, which, in turn, result in better organisational performance (Lee Bruvold, 2003). Moreover, motivation theory can go a long way towards helping us understand why people behave in the way they do. Armed with such knowledge, managers should be better placed to direct employee behaviour for the good of the organisation (Hannagan, 2005, pp. 350-351).As stated by Amer Zureikat, regional Manager, Bayt.com. in United Arab Emirates (2009), Organisations the world over are realising that successfully motivating staff on an ongoing basis is a fundamental element in building good rapport among staff, keeping staff loyal to the companion and most of all maintaining optimal productivity levels of employees. This becomes even more crucial during these times of economic crisis, because news of job losses and an unstable future may serve to de-motivate employees significantly.MOTIVATION REDUCES ABSENTEEISMIt is mentioned in The Irish Times that up to 50 to 80 per cent of an organisations total expenditure is on employees, even average absence levels can represent a serious write down in terms of reduced productivity and can reduce employee retention because of over-stretched staff. An initiative to lower absenteeism makes financial sense to the organisation. This can be done only if the motivation theories are understood put into practice (Madden, 2008).MOTIVATION IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCEGeorgopoulos et al.(1957) Porter Lawler (1967) found that employees for whom money was a motivator, performed better if more money was offered to them (Edwin A. Locke, 1970). West and Patterson suggest Where the level of satisfaction is generally high employees may be more motivated to engage in pro-social behaviours and make extra effort to help other departments and functions. Over thousands of instances of helping and motivating the employees line of battle that it increases productivity and performance (Robin Fincham Peter Rhodes, 2005, p.232).MOTIVATION IMPROVES TEAMWORK CO-ORDINATIONCertain gain-sharing programs, such as the Scanlon Plan, Improshare, or Rucker Plan, helps workers to get a share in productivity improvements. Such programs result in increase coordination, teamwork and knowledge sharing. They also contribute to better attainment of social needs, increased acceptance of change of technology and new methods. It causes more efficient management and planning, reduction of overtime for workers, increase in cr eativity and implementation of new ideas and more flexible labour and management relationship (Judith R Gordon, 1996).CASE STUDY BLACK DECKERA new program Everyone Counts based on employees social self esteem needs as per the needs motivation theories was implemented at Black and Deckers Household Products division in Shelton. Everyone Counts, an employee incentive campaign, replaced the suggestion box and allowed teams of employees to provide cost saving, cost analysis and implementation suggestions. Thirty-nine teams were allowed to submit five ideas each in twelve weeks. One such idea is estimated to save the company over seven hundred dollars by substituting a new material in one of the product lines. Everyone counts also improved communications with upper management, increased employee involvement and allowed more centralisation of the employee work environment (Harris Kliener,1993).Examples to show the Link of Motivation with Organisational SuccessAmerican Express introduc ed an incentive plan for 10,000 employees in the consumer-lending and consumer card groups after a one year pilot program, during which 98 percent of 1,500 employees received bonuses of 4 percent of their salaries. The plan resulted in an increase in customer satisfaction, employee productivity and shareholder gains (Judith R.Gordon, 1996).Royal Bank of Scotland RBS provides world-class employment package for every employee adopts an attitude that motivates its staff in both financial and personal ways. This helps RBS to compete for the best people and attract them to its business has lead to RBS being rated as one of the best employers in the world. Thus following motivation theories has proved beneficicial for RBS (The Times 100, motivating through total reward).CASE STUDY OF HONEYWELL Honeywells Electro Optics Division was in serious financial trouble because of low employee morale. In order to motivate their employees they turned to the Boston office of Bernard Hodes for a mot ivational programme. Posters of the five great performers with their chosen quote were made and placed in the hallways. The five great performers were second base celebrities and everyone wanted to be one. It enhanced employees performance by the use of motivation. In six months Honeywell was out of the financial trouble (Harris Kliener, 1993).There are several examples to show importance of motivation, Some of the better known examples include the Digital Equipment Corporation plants at Enfield in America (Perry, 1984) and Ayr in Scotland (Buchanan McCalman, 1989). In Britain, empowered self-managing teams can also be found in The Body Shop, Unipart, Frizzell Financial Services, Ciba UK and in the Harvester Restaurant in Dulwich (Pickard, 1993).Many American companies have adopted motivating and team working methods, like Shenandoah Life Insurance, Harley-Davidson, Compaq, Cummins Engine Company, Procter Gamble, and General Motors (Hoerr et al., 1986 Hoerr, 1989 Peters, 1987) I n most of these companies role of traditional first line supervisor was changed and in others they have been replaced by people who were more motivating (David Buchanan Andrzej Huczynski, 1997, p.96).CONCLUSIONThus, with the different examples shown it can be concluded that by understanding the importance of motivation organisations can prosper, it can also be said that apart from money there are other motivators of great importance as well, like job security, challenging tasks and working together with colleagues in a good working environment. It has been seen that great organisations are the ones in which the employees are motivated to bring out the best in them. It is therefore very important for the organisations to understand that the employees are an organisations most precious asset anything that can be done to increase their capability should be done so that the returns come to the organisation.